What is a primary source in research?

A primary source in research refers to an original document or firsthand account that provides direct evidence about a topic. This type of source allows researchers to access information in its most original form, such as diaries, interviews, original research data, historical documents, or art works. These sources are critical in research as they provide the raw data or direct evidence that others can analyze, interpret, or summarize in secondary sources.

In contrast, other options refer to types of secondary sources. A summary of findings from multiple studies distills information from primary sources into a more accessible format but removes the original context. A review article pulls together and analyzes previously published works to give an overview of the existing literature, without providing direct evidence itself. An opinion piece reflects personal viewpoints and interpretations about a topic, lacking the first-hand evidence that characterizes primary sources. Understanding the function and value of primary sources is essential for conducting thorough and credible research.